The top 40 public medical manufacturers worldwide, ranked by trailing 12 months (TTM) revenues. Source: Bloomberg.

Spending by public agencies, like the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and Veterans Health Administration, accounted for nearly $442 billion of the annual healthcare spending in 2003. Source: CMS, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group.

Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA) costs for the process of the review of device applications. The costs include total process costs, including costs paid from appropriations and fee revenues. Source: FDA Unit Costs for the Process of Medical Device Review.