Mark Smith, Ph.D., CSO Emeritus, served as Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) of American Preclinical Services, since APS became operational in 2006 until retiring to work with the business development team in 2020. Dr. Smith has >20 years of experience in pre-clinical drug discovery and development and over 15 years working ion medical device R&D. Prior to APS, Smith also has 16 years of experience in management and preclinical testing facility within the Pfizer organization where he served as Director in the Medicinal Chemistry Department and eventually a Fellow in the Global Pfizer R&D organization. He managed an in vivo testing and bioanalytical group that served as the screening team for Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and PK/PD relationships of new chemical for evaluation and biological therapeutic agents.